HEUTSZ, Johannes Benedictus van

(1851–1924)

   Van Heutsz took part in the military expedition against the Sultanate of Aceh in the Netherlands East Indies in 1874–1875. From 1898 to 1904, he served as governorof this nearly “pacified” province on the island of Sumatra (now Indonesia), asking the advice of Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje; in 1904, he was appointed governor-general. Van Heutsz’s severe measures did not effectively suppress the emerg ing Indonesian nationalist movement. HIGH COURT. After the separation between the southern and the northern parts of the Low Countries in the 1580s, the Burgundian Habsburg Great Council of Malines no longer functioned as a court of appeal and revision in the North. No new central court of jus tice was created there until 1802 (after the Batavian Revolution). Only the provinces of Holland and Zeeland had a common court of appeal (Hoge Raad), created in 1582. The modern High Court was not established until 1838 during the reign of King William I, as the summit of a hierarchical judicial organization. The High Court was a court of cassation (annulment) based on the French model.